A carbon-rich substance resembling charcoal, with elemental carbon content ranging from approximately 50% to 95%

Produced through pyrolysis of plant matter, turning agricultural by-products and other organic waste into a valuable resource.

Acts as an effective carbon sink, reducing immediate CO₂ and other greenhouse gas emissions by slowing biomass decomposition.

• Enhances soil fertility.
• Increases microbial activity.

• Agriculture: When incorporated into soils, biochar enhances fertility, increases water retention, and improves plant growth.
• Beyond agriculture, biochar is used in water filtration systems and certain building materials.

• 30-60% carbon monoxide CO;
• 25 to 30% hydrogen H₂;
• 0 to 5% methane CH₄;
• 5 to 15% carbon dioxide CO₂

• Phenolic compounds,
• Esters,
• Hydrocarbons (the most commercially valuable compound),
• Organic acids, alcohols, glycols etc.